The first surge of the opioid crisis began in the late 1990s, when prescription opioids like OxyContin were widely marketed as safe and effective for pain. Overprescribing led to misuse, addiction and rising overdose deaths. By the 2010s, restrictions on prescriptions reduced availability, but also gave rise to the second surge, as many turned to heroin, a cheaper and more accessible alternative. To help combat this in Cuyahoga County, the ADAMHS Board led overdose training at gas stations, hosted addiction experts at the biennial Roads to Recovery Conference, sponsored locally-led seminars for teachers and addiction professionals, and more.

The third surge began around 2013, driven by fentanyl and other synthetic opioids, which are far more potent and deadly. Throughout this time, the ADAMHS Board ramped up multiple awareness campaigns (including advertisements targeting young and highly affected groups of the community), joined the Cuyahoga County Opioid Task Force, partnered with local barbershops to distribute fentanyl test strips, and more.

Today, fentanyl is involved in the majority of opioid-related deaths; however, the landscape is changing. Cuyahoga County has seen a rise in cocaine-related deaths, specifically deaths where cocaine and fentanyl were found used together. This growing trend highlights the need for continued prevention, education and flexible harm reduction efforts.

Throughout this history, communities have faced devastating losses. Yet local organizations like the ADAMHS Board have also introduced new tools of hope, including naloxone distribution, harm reduction strategies, expanded treatment options and strengthened prevention efforts. Understanding this history helps us focus on solutions that save lives and build healthier futures.

Learn more about harm reduction in Cuyahoga County, opioids, and the number of services the ADAMHS Board funds that are available to residents.